1 Enoch: the Astronomical Book (Chapters 72-82)

Third century BCE or earlier, and possibly the oldest section of 1 Enoch. Presents the movements of sun, moon, stars, and winds as fixed law, and defends a 364-day solar calendar against a lunar reckoning. The same calendar drives Jubilees and the Qumran community's festival practice, which is why calendar disputes matter so much in Section VII. Placed here out of numerical order because of its early date; chapters 37-71 and 83-108 follow in Sections VII and VIII.